CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class

Transcript

1	Introduction	0h 43m
2	Using the Cisco Documentation	0h 52m
3	Ethernet Overview, Layer 2 Switchports, Trunking, ISL, 802.1q, DTP	0h 47m
4	VTP, VTP Authentication, VTP Pruning	1h 02m
5	VTP Prune Eligible List, VTP Transparent, VTP Troubleshooting, Trunk Allowed List, Extended VLANs	0h 48m
6	VLAN and VTP Review	0h 19m
7	SVIs, Native Routed Interfaces, Router-on-a-Stick	0h 46m
8	Layer 2 EtherChannel, EtherChannel Load Balancing, Layer 3 EtherChannel	0h 57m
9	802.1q Tunneling, Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling, EtherChannel over 802.1q Tunneling	1h 03m
10	STP Root Bridge Election, STP Root Port Election, STP Designated Port Election, STP Priority, STP Cost, STP Port-Priority	1h 46m
11	STP Review	0h 12m
12	STP Timers, STP PortFast	0h 34m
13	STP UplinkFast	0h 11m
14	STP BackboneFast	0h 12m
15	STP BPDU Filter	0h 13m
16	STP BPDU Guard	0h 11m
17	STP Root Guard	0h 11m
18	STP Loop Guard, Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD)	0h 11m
19	Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol (MST)	0h 40m
20	Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol (RSTP), Rapid-PVST	0h 18m
21	MST with Multiple Regions	0h 33m
22	Flex Links	0h 16m
23	Frame Relay	0h 39m
24	Frame Relay Configuration Part 1	0h 34m
25	Frame Relay Configuration Part 2	0h 41m
26	Frame Relay Switching	0h 27m
27	Back-to-Back Frame Relay	0h 08m
28	Frame-Relay End-to-End Keepalives	0h 18m
29	PPP, PPP PAP Authentication, PPP CHAP Authentication	0h 59m
30	PPPoFR, PPPoE	0h 40m
31	Transparent Bridging, IRB	0h 32m
32	Fallback Bridging	0h 14m
33	IP Routing Overview, Switching Paths, Static Routing	0h 42m
34	Static Routing Examples	0h 25m
35	IP Default-Gateway, IP Default-Network	0h 14m
36	On-Demand Routing (ODR)	0h 07m
37	Floating Static Routes	0h 10m
38	Backup Interface	0h 29m
39	Enhanced Object Tracking, IP SLA, Reliable Static Routing	0h 21m
40	Policy Routing	0h 43m
41	GRE Tunneling, GRE Recursive Routing Errors	0h 27m
42	Reliable Backup Interface with GRE	0h 25m
43	RIP Overview, RIP Versions, RIP Auto-Summary	0h 48m
44	RIP Split-Horizon, RIP Timers	0h 22m
45	RIP Broadcast Updates, IP Directed Broadcast, IP Broadcast-Address, Smurf Attacks, Fraggle Attacks	0h 16m
46	RIP Unicast Updates	0h 03m
47	RIP Offset-List	0h 18m
48	RIP Authentication	0h 11m
49	RIP Summarization	0h 10m
50	Prefix-Lists, RIP Distribute-List Filtering, RIP Administrative Distance Filtering	0h 48m
51	RIP Default Routing, RIP Conditional Default Routing	0h 18m
52	RIP Triggered, RIP Validate Update Source,	0h 12m
53	EIGRP Overview	0h 29m
54	EIGRP Auto-Summary	0h 07m
55	EIGRP Split-Horizon	0h 11m
56	EIGRP Update Types, EIGRP Neighbor, EIGRP Passive-Interface	0h 24m
57	EIGRP Hello-Interval, EIGRP Hold-Time	0h 05m
58	EIGRP Authentication	0h 11m
59	EIGRP Time Based Authentication	0h 25m
60	EIGRP Path Selection, EIGRP Metric Weights, EIGRP Traffic Engineering	0h 47m
61	EIGRP Unequal Cost Load Balancing, EIGRP Variance	0h 19m
62	EIGRP QUERY, EIGRP Summarization, EIGRP Leak-Map	0h 28m
63	EIGRP Stub Router Advertisement	0h 22m
64	EIGRP Default Routing	0h 13m
65	EIGRP Route Filtering	0h 11m
66	EIGRP Router-ID	0h 07m
67	Miscellaneous EIGRP Features	0h 02m
68	OSPF Overview	0h 27m
69	Establishing OSPF Adjacencies, Understanding the OSPF Database	0h 43m
70	OSPF Network Type Broadcast, OSPF DR/BDR Election, OSPF over NBMA, OSPF Network Type Non-Broadcast and Point-to-Multipoint	0h 56m
71	OSPF Network Type Point-to-Point, OSPF Network Type Mismatch	0h 13m
72	OSPF Network Type Point-to-Multipoint Non-Broadcast, OSPF Per Neighbor Cost	0h 17m
73	OSPF Network Type Loopback	0h 02m
74	OSPF Path Selection	0h 27m
75	OSPF Convergence Timers	0h 09m
76	OSPF Authentication	0h 12m
77	OSPF Summarization	0h 32m
78	OSPF Stub Areas, OSPF Totally Stubby Areas, OSPF NSSAs, OSPF Totally NSSAs	0h 40m
79	Controlling OSPF NSSA Redistribution	0h 02m
80	OSPF Type 7 to 5 Translator Election, OSPF LSA Type 3 Filter, OSPF Forwarding Address Suppression	0h 24m
81	Route Redistribution Overview	0h 36m
82	Route Redistribution Configuration & Verification, Connected Redistribution	0h 22m
83	OSPF External Path Selection, TCL PING Scripting	0h 33m
84	Routing Loops Overview, EIGRP Route Loop Prevention	0h 55m
85	Metric Based Routing Loops, Route Tagging	0h 46m
86	Administrative Distance Based Routing Loops, Debug IP Routing, IP Route Profile	0h 58m
87	BGP Overview, BGP Peering Types	0h 51m
88	Establishing BGP Peerings, EBGP Multihop, BGP Neighbor Disable Connected Check, BGP TTL Security	0h 49m
89	BGP 4-Byte ASNs	0h 20m
90	BGP Local AS, BGP Peer Groups	0h 30m
91	BGP Next-Hop Self, BGP Next-Hop Processing	0h 30m
92	BGP Route Reflectors	0h 37m
93	Large Scale BGP Route Reflectors with Clusters	0h 34m
94	BGP Confederation	0h 37m
95	BGP NLRI Advertisements, BGP Network Statement, BGP Redistribution	0h 43m
96	BGP Aggregation, BGP Aggregation & Summary-Only, BGP Aggregation & Unsuppress-Map	0h 46m
97	BGP Origin, BGP Aggregation & AS-Set, BGP Aggregation & Advertise-Map	0h 22m
98	BGP Conditional Route Injection	0h 21m
99	BGP Bestpath Selection, BGP Multipath, BGP Weight	0h 53m
100	BGP Local Preference, BGP Local Preference and Communities, BGP AS-Path Prepending,	0h 30m
101	BGP MED, BGP MED Missing As Worst, BGP Deterministic MED	0h 34m
102	BGP Communites, BGP Regular Expressions	0h 43m
103	BGP Filtering, BGP Convergence Timers, BGP Default Routing, Miscellaneous BGP Features	0h 24m
104	MPLS Overview, MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)	1h 05m
105	MPLS Tunnels, MPLS Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)	0h 40m
106	MPLS Layer 3 VPNs Overview, VRF Lite	0h 36m
107	MPLS Layer 3 VPNs and VPNv4 BGP	1h 08m
108	MPLS Layer 3 VPN Verification & Troubleshooting	0h 49m
109	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Overview	0h 06m
110	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Path Selection & Sham-Links	2h 01m
111	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Loop Prevention & Down-Bit, OSPF Capability VRF-Lite	0h 40m
112	IPv6 Overview, IPv6 ICMPv6 ND, IPv6 over NBMA	0h 44m
113	IPv6 Routing Overview, IPv6 Static Routing	0h 28m
114	IPv6 RIPng	0h 20m
115	IPv6 EIGRPv6	0h 09m
116	IPv6 OSPFv3	0h 31m
117	MP-BGP for IPv6	0h 26m
118	IPv6 Tunneling	1h 13m
119	Multicast Overview, IGMP	0h 34m
120	PIM Overview	0h 18m
121	PIM Dense Mode	1h 03m
122	PIM Sparse Mode	0h 30m
123	PIM Sparse Mode Configuration	0h 36m
124	PIM Sparse Mode RPF & RP Troubleshooting	0h 27m
125	Auto-RP, Multicast over GRE Tunnels	0h 53m
126	Bootstrap Router (BSR), Bidirectional PIM, Source Specific Multicast (SSM)	0h 40m
127	MSDP, Anycast RP	0h 27m
128	IPv6 Multicast Routing	0h 24m
129	QoS Overview, IntServ QoS, DiffServ QoS, IP Precedence, DSCP, MQC, HQF	0h 41m
130	MQC Classification	0h 44m
131	FIFO, FQ, WFQ, CBWFQ, HQF	0h 50m
132	LLQ	0h 23m
133	WRED	0h 31m
134	Traffic Shaping, Traffic Policing	0h 40m
135	Frame Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS)	0h 33m
136	RSVP	0h 07m
137	Catalyst 3560 QoS	1h 00m
138	IOS Security Overview, Access Lists (ACLs)	0h 58m
139	Time Based ACLs, Dynamic ACLs	0h 33m
140	Reflexive ACLs	0h 21m
141	TCP Intercept, Content Based Access Control (CBAC)	0h 34m
142	Zone Based Policy Firewall (ZBPF)	1h 09m
143	AAA, Local Authentication, Local Authorization, Role Based CLI Access	0h 43m
144	Port Security, Static CAM Entries, Storm Control, 802.1X Authentication, PACLs, RACLs, VLAN Access Maps (VACLs)	0h 48m
145	DHCP Snooping, Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI), IP Source Guard	0h 12m
146	Protected Ports, Private VLANs	0h 25m
147	IP Services Overview, HSRP	1h 10m
148	VRRP, GLBP	0h 28m
149	NAT	0h 42m
150	DHCP, DNS	0h 30m
151	NetFlow	0h 09m
152	WCCP, Miscellaneous IP Services	0h 06m
153	System Management Overview, NTP, NTP Authentication	0h 24m
154	SNMP, RMON	0h 38m
155	Syslog, Telnet, SSH, Banners	0h 21m
156	EEM Scripting, Miscellaneous System Management	0h 26m
Total Duration		81h 59m

Slides - Diagrams

Slides - Introduction

Slides - Ethernet Switching

Slides - Advanced Ethernet Switching

Slides - Frame Relay

Slides - PPP

Slides - Transport Bridging

Slides - Redistribution

Slides - IOS Security

Slides - Layer 2 Security

Slides - IP Services

Slides - System Management

0:00:13	So, let's then look at our last topic for switching in this section, which is the Flex Links.
0:00:20	Now, Flex Links is a way to do link redundancy without having to run Spanning Tree.
0:00:26	So, as we saw with the Per-VLAN Spanning Tree and the Multiple Spanning Tree,
0:00:32	there's a lot of configuration maintenance that we would need to do,
0:00:35	and there's a lot of protocol overhead when we're running one instance of Spanning Tree for every VLAN,
0:00:41	or if we wanna reduce this by doing the Multiple Spanning Tree domains.
0:00:45	So, in some type of case where the physical topology is very straightforward,
0:00:50	but at the same time, we have redundant links,
0:00:53	then, we could use this Flex Links feature as opposed to Spanning Tree.
0:00:59	Now, the configuration is very straightforward.
0:01:01	It's similar to the Backup Interface command that's supported in the regular router IOS.
0:01:07	But in this case, we're using the switch port Backup Interface command
0:01:10	instead of regular Backup Interface.
0:01:17	So, if we look at a potential design of this...
0:01:21	would be...
0:01:23	here where we have switch 2...
0:01:28	having the multiple links to switch 3...
0:01:33	Switch 3 and...
0:01:35	switch 1,
0:01:38	and switch 2 wants to say...
0:01:41	that "This is my primary link.
0:01:45	And this is my backup link."
0:01:50	So, the topology is fairly straightforward here,
0:01:52	we don't have too many diverse connections that we really would want to run Spanning Tree.
0:01:58	But we do at the same time need to make sure that we're preventing some sort of Layer 2 loop.
0:02:04	So, on switch 2, on the primary interface, we will define that the other interface is the backup,
0:02:10	which effectively is going to disable Spanning Tree for those interfaces.
0:02:15	Now, once we do this,
0:02:19	we could potentially have a problem in convergence based on the CAM Table,
0:02:25	which previously, Spanning Tree solved by using that Uplink Fast feature
0:02:31	where with Uplink Fast, when you switch from one interface over to the other one,
0:02:35	the router spoofs the sources in the CAM Table,
0:02:39	sends out the source MAC address frames to make sure that the other switches in the network
0:02:44	update their CAM Table from one interface to another.
0:02:47	So, along with this Flex Links feature,
0:02:50	it supports its MAC Address Table Move Update, or the MMU feature
0:02:55	that says, "Once the Backup Interface becomes active,
0:02:59	flood the CAM Table out that link
0:03:02	to make sure that the other switches in the network know where the actual end hosts are located.
0:03:09	Now, documentation-wise, this would be under...
0:03:13	the Catalyst Configuration Guide and then down to Flex Links
0:03:17	and the MAC address Table Move Update feature.
0:03:21	So, you may wanna go through some of the examples they show here,
0:03:24	they are some additional features that are available for it.
0:03:28	Like if you're running multicast switching at the same time
0:03:33	that you learned about multicast MAC address from IGNP Snooping,
0:03:37	then, you would need to flood those as well with your MAC address Move feature
0:03:43	to make sure that the multicast flows can still get deliver down to the...
0:03:48	the end host.
0:03:51	But if we look at the overall configuration example,
0:03:56	it says, "Go to the interface. Say, Switch 4 Backup Interface, and then the other link."
0:04:02	Okay, so that's... It's only one command in order to configure it
0:04:06	But the key is once you're doing this,
0:04:09	you're disabling Spanning Tree both on the primary interface and on the Backup Interface.
0:04:17	In the case of switch 3 here, or switch 2,
0:04:22	this is interface 13 and 17.
0:04:27	So, on interface 17 of switch 2,
0:04:34	and for simplicity, let me make sure that the...
0:04:36	the other switches are running their default versions of Spanning Tree as well.
0:04:40	So, Spanning Tree Mode is PVST.
0:04:50	On switch 2, switch 3...
0:04:53	And then, switch 4.
0:05:05	Next on switch 2, let's look at the Show Interface Trunk.
0:05:09	We see that we have two possible trunk links, Fast Ethernet 13 and Fast Ethernet 17.
0:05:15	And I want to use this to forward to VLAN 10 traffic,
0:05:19	which is gonna be those packets that are going between router 1 and router 2.
0:05:26	So, we can see that those dropped packets that was due to regular Per-VLAN Spanning Tree convergence.
0:05:32	Next, on switch 2, I'm gonna go to interface Fast Ethernet 17,
0:05:37	and say that the switch port Backup Interface is Fast Ethernet 13.
0:05:46	We could also use the MAC address Move...
0:05:53	feature.
0:05:55	Okay, we need a VLAN number to encapsulate over the trunk, let's just say VLAN 1, we'll use...
0:06:02	And then, I believe that we need to...
0:06:05	enable those globally as well.
0:06:08	So, let's see the...
0:06:10	From the usage guidelines, if we look at that how to configure the feature,
0:06:17	the configuring the MAC Address Table Move update feature.
0:06:19	Again, this is gonna show you the step by step list of exactly what you need to do.
0:06:25	So, a feature like this in the exam, they're not gonna expect you to be an expert in it,
0:06:29	but as long as you can basically follow the directions here, then, there should be no problem with it.
0:06:34	Okay, it says, "Go to link level, say either one of these commands."
0:06:37	So, Switch Port Back Interface, or Backup Interface with Move Update On.
0:06:43	Then, we need to tell the switch to transmit...
0:06:49	the MAC addresses.
0:06:52	So, this would mean that switch 2 is gonna do that.
0:06:56	Then, on the other side who is switch 1,
0:07:01	we need to say that they will receive these updates.
0:07:06	So, there's some sort of special encoding that they're doing for the CAM Table updates.
0:07:15	Okay, so let's see if this is gonna work now. Let's...
0:07:18	ping between these neighbors. We'll say, "Time out is 1 second."
0:07:21	So, we can see how long it's taking to converge.
0:07:24	Now, on switch 3...
0:07:28	who is connecting to switch 2, we're gonna shut this link down.
0:07:33	Okay, that particular link, let's Show Interface Trunk.
0:07:37	That is my Fast Ethernet 0/17.
0:07:45	And we see, only one packet was lost.
0:07:48	So, it was just over 1 second for it to converge.
0:07:52	If we look at switch 2,
0:07:56	it says, "The line protocol of that link went down."
0:07:59	If we Show...
0:08:04	Let's see what's the verification here.
0:08:12	Show MAC Address Table Move Update...
0:08:14	would be 1...
0:08:24	It says the...
0:08:25	"The current settings are that we are transmitting."
0:08:32	The transmit packet count was 1 that was because there was only one MAC address.
0:08:35	If we look at the same output on switch 1, we should have seen that we...
0:08:39	received a MAC address.
0:08:43	Which we did, the receive count is 1.
0:08:47	We received it in that interface...
0:08:51	and this was the MAC address that it came from. So, this must be one of the MAC addresses of...
0:08:55	switch 2.
0:08:59	Then, how do we verify the Backup Interface itself. Let's see...
0:09:05	Monitoring Flex Links and the MAC Address Table Move update.
0:09:08	So, when you're looking at the documentation here,
0:09:11	and the configuration guide, usually, the very last section
0:09:14	is where the Show commands or the Debug commands are located.
0:09:18	So, it will say, "Monitoring whatever the feature is."
0:09:22	Okay, so in this case, Show Interfaces Switch Port Backup.
0:09:25	Or Show MAC Address Table Move Update.
0:09:27	So, I want this command for...
0:09:32	Probably, I would guess, it's gonna be the...
0:09:38	primary interface. Let's try 17.
0:09:44	Okay, so that tells us. It says, "The active interface is supposed to be 17. The Backup Interface is 13,
0:09:49	but right now, the current state...
0:09:52	is that the active interface is down.
0:09:55	So, the result is that we're using the backup link."
0:09:59	We should see this if we look at switch 1, and look at the CAM Table.
0:10:04	The MAC address of router 2...
0:10:10	Dynamic VLAN 10. The MAC address of router 2 should be associated on port 13, which it is.
0:10:20	Now, once the backup link...
0:10:23	Or once the primary link comes back,
0:10:33	we should see that the...
0:10:37	active link is gonna be used again.
0:10:41	And there is a preemption value that you can set in here. So, we can set a timer...
0:10:47	for when we wanna switch for the Backup Interface back to the active interface.
0:10:51	So, right now, it's in standby state.
0:10:54	It may actually not switch back automatically unless we configure the preemption.
0:10:59	So, let's see what it says there...
0:11:05	It says, "The default configuration...
0:11:08	Flex Links are not configured and the preemption mode is off."
0:11:12	So, we need to turn the preemption on in order for the primary interface to be used again.
0:11:19	So, let's see, what is the...
0:11:22	What's the syntax to do that then?
0:11:28	Switch Port Backup Interface Preemption Mode.
0:11:32	Configure a preemption mechanism and delay for the Flex Links interface pair.
0:11:36	You can configure preemption as: Forced - active interface always preempts the backup.
0:11:40	Or Bandwidth - the interface with the higher bandwidth always acts as the active interface.
0:11:45	So, if I were to say, "This should be on...
0:11:49	Fast Ethernet 17 then."
0:12:00	Let's just say Switch Port Backup Interface...
0:12:04	F0/13...
0:12:08	Preemption.
0:12:12	Mode is Forced.
0:12:22	So, this may not actually effect until we...
0:12:27	reset the interfaces.
0:12:29	Let me try to shut it down on this side again and see if it...
0:12:33	See if it affects it.
0:12:35	So now, the active link should be down, which it is.
0:12:39	Once this comes back,
0:12:43	then the...
0:12:49	The backup link should come back up.
0:12:51	Actually, you know what, it's gonna be based on that delay as well.
0:12:54	So, probably, we're gonna have to wait about 30 seconds...
0:12:58	before it actually kicks in.
0:13:00	We could likewise change that as well. It says, Switch Port Backup Interface Preemption Delay.
0:13:07	So, if I said that the...
0:13:16	Backup Interface Preemption Delay is let's say 5 seconds.
0:13:22	Okay, we can see the log message now. It says, "The Backup Interface...
0:13:25	is going down, because Fast Ethernet 13 has preempted it."
0:13:29	So, the idea behind this, and the same with the Backup Interface on the routers
0:13:33	is that most likely, you want to allow some convergence for the other protocols.
0:13:38	So, most likely, you're running some type of, maybe Layer 3 routing on top of this.
0:13:42	So, you would want the routing to re-converge before you make your Layer 2 interfaces go back to their original state.
0:13:51	When we get into Layer 3 redundancy, we'll take a look at some options of this
0:13:56	in the regular router IOS using things like the Backup Interface command,
0:14:00	using policy routing with reliable policy routing, reliable static routes, GRE tunnels.
0:14:07	There's a lot of different ways that you can...
0:14:09	use on the regular router's IOS to do this type of redundancy.
0:14:14	Okay, also, it say there that "Load balancing is an option."
0:14:24	It says, "Configure as physical Layer 2 interface or port channel as part of a Flex Links pair with the interface,
0:14:29	and specify the VLAN on the interface." Okay, so that's straightforward.
0:14:32	Let's see... Where does it say about the...
0:14:39	Load balancing support.
0:14:44	Allows you to configure Flex Links pair so that both ports simultaneously forward for some mutually exclusive VLANs.
0:14:50	So, you're not doing like per-packet load balancing.
0:14:54	It's basically like in Spanning Tree where you're preferring one interface over another.
0:15:01	So, features like this, again, they're not expecting you to be an expert on this.
0:15:05	If you could read through the documentation, it's pretty self explanatory what it means.
0:15:09	So, these type of minor features, that's really where you need to spend the time reading through the documents.
0:15:16	Okay, there's really no other shortcut to do this.
0:15:18	If you didn't know that this feature existed
0:15:21	then, if you were to get a question of it in the exam,
0:15:23	you basically have no idea where to look in the first place.
0:15:27	But now that you know this feature does exist,
0:15:30	we don't even need to know what are all the other options along with it.
0:15:33	It's not gonna take more than 5, 10 minutes in the exam to go to this document.
0:15:38	Look at the configuration examples,
0:15:41	and then pretty much just copy and paste this to the command line.
0:15:47	Now, it would be things like configuring VLANs, configuring VTP,
0:15:54	configuring Spanning Tree.
0:15:56	This type of stuff, you're not gonna have time to reference in the exam..
0:16:00	So, any of the core networking protocols,
0:16:03	things that are gonna allow you to get basic Layer 2 and Layer 3 reachability,
0:16:07	you should know all of those topics off the top of your head.
0:16:11	Any minor feature of the routing protocols, or the Layer 2 switches,
0:16:15	that's the type of stuff that you would be using the documentation for.

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CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class
Title:	CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class
Duration:	81h 59m
The CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class is the first step in understanding CCIE level technologies and is a companion to the Advanced Technologies Lab Workbook. Each technology you need to know for the CCIE Routing & Switching lab will be described in detail using an instructor led hands on demonstration. The class consists of over 80 hours of in depth explanations and examples.
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