CCIE R&S Advanced Technologies Class v4.5

Transcript

1	Introduction	0h 43m
2	Using the Cisco Documentation	0h 52m
3	Ethernet Overview, Layer 2 Switchports, Trunking, ISL, 802.1q, DTP	0h 47m
4	VTP, VTP Authentication, VTP Pruning	1h 02m
5	VTP Prune Eligible List, VTP Transparent, VTP Troubleshooting, Trunk Allowed List, Extended VLANs	0h 48m
6	VLAN and VTP Review	0h 19m
7	SVIs, Native Routed Interfaces, Router-on-a-Stick	0h 46m
8	Layer 2 EtherChannel, EtherChannel Load Balancing, Layer 3 EtherChannel	0h 57m
9	802.1q Tunneling, Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling, EtherChannel over 802.1q Tunneling	1h 03m
10	STP Root Bridge Election, STP Root Port Election, STP Designated Port Election, STP Priority, STP Cost, STP Port-Priority	1h 46m
11	STP Review	0h 12m
12	STP Timers, STP PortFast	0h 34m
13	STP UplinkFast	0h 11m
14	STP BackboneFast	0h 12m
15	STP BPDU Filter	0h 13m
16	STP BPDU Guard	0h 11m
17	STP Root Guard	0h 11m
18	STP Loop Guard, Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD)	0h 11m
19	Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol (MST)	0h 40m
20	Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol (RSTP), Rapid-PVST	0h 18m
21	MST with Multiple Regions	0h 33m
22	Flex Links	0h 16m
23	Frame Relay	0h 39m
24	Frame Relay Configuration Part 1	0h 34m
25	Frame Relay Configuration Part 2	0h 41m
26	Frame Relay Switching	0h 27m
27	Back-to-Back Frame Relay	0h 08m
28	Frame-Relay End-to-End Keepalives	0h 18m
29	PPP, PPP PAP Authentication, PPP CHAP Authentication	0h 59m
30	PPPoFR, PPPoE	0h 40m
31	Transparent Bridging, IRB	0h 32m
32	Fallback Bridging	0h 14m
33	IP Routing Overview, Switching Paths, Static Routing	0h 42m
34	Static Routing Examples	0h 25m
35	IP Default-Gateway, IP Default-Network	0h 14m
36	On-Demand Routing (ODR)	0h 07m
37	Floating Static Routes	0h 10m
38	Backup Interface	0h 29m
39	Enhanced Object Tracking, IP SLA, Reliable Static Routing	0h 21m
40	Policy Routing	0h 43m
41	GRE Tunneling, GRE Recursive Routing Errors	0h 27m
42	Reliable Backup Interface with GRE	0h 25m
43	RIP Overview, RIP Versions, RIP Auto-Summary	0h 48m
44	RIP Split-Horizon, RIP Timers	0h 22m
45	RIP Broadcast Updates, IP Directed Broadcast, IP Broadcast-Address, Smurf Attacks, Fraggle Attacks	0h 16m
46	RIP Unicast Updates	0h 03m
47	RIP Offset-List	0h 18m
48	RIP Authentication	0h 11m
49	RIP Summarization	0h 10m
50	Prefix-Lists, RIP Distribute-List Filtering, RIP Administrative Distance Filtering	0h 48m
51	RIP Default Routing, RIP Conditional Default Routing	0h 18m
52	RIP Triggered, RIP Validate Update Source,	0h 12m
53	EIGRP Overview	0h 29m
54	EIGRP Auto-Summary	0h 07m
55	EIGRP Split-Horizon	0h 11m
56	EIGRP Update Types, EIGRP Neighbor, EIGRP Passive-Interface	0h 24m
57	EIGRP Hello-Interval, EIGRP Hold-Time	0h 05m
58	EIGRP Authentication	0h 11m
59	EIGRP Time Based Authentication	0h 25m
60	EIGRP Path Selection, EIGRP Metric Weights, EIGRP Traffic Engineering	0h 47m
61	EIGRP Unequal Cost Load Balancing, EIGRP Variance	0h 19m
62	EIGRP QUERY, EIGRP Summarization, EIGRP Leak-Map	0h 28m
63	EIGRP Stub Router Advertisement	0h 22m
64	EIGRP Default Routing	0h 13m
65	EIGRP Route Filtering	0h 11m
66	EIGRP Router-ID	0h 07m
67	Miscellaneous EIGRP Features	0h 02m
68	OSPF Overview	0h 27m
69	Establishing OSPF Adjacencies, Understanding the OSPF Database	0h 43m
70	OSPF Network Type Broadcast, OSPF DR/BDR Election, OSPF over NBMA, OSPF Network Type Non-Broadcast and Point-to-Multipoint	0h 56m
71	OSPF Network Type Point-to-Point, OSPF Network Type Mismatch	0h 13m
72	OSPF Network Type Point-to-Multipoint Non-Broadcast, OSPF Per Neighbor Cost	0h 17m
73	OSPF Network Type Loopback	0h 02m
74	OSPF Path Selection	0h 27m
75	OSPF Convergence Timers	0h 09m
76	OSPF Authentication	0h 12m
77	OSPF Summarization	0h 32m
78	OSPF Stub Areas, OSPF Totally Stubby Areas, OSPF NSSAs, OSPF Totally NSSAs	0h 40m
79	Controlling OSPF NSSA Redistribution	0h 02m
80	OSPF Type 7 to 5 Translator Election, OSPF LSA Type 3 Filter, OSPF Forwarding Address Suppression	0h 24m
81	Route Redistribution Overview	0h 36m
82	Route Redistribution Configuration & Verification, Connected Redistribution	0h 22m
83	OSPF External Path Selection, TCL PING Scripting	0h 33m
84	Routing Loops Overview, EIGRP Route Loop Prevention	0h 55m
85	Metric Based Routing Loops, Route Tagging	0h 46m
86	Administrative Distance Based Routing Loops, Debug IP Routing, IP Route Profile	0h 58m
87	BGP Overview, BGP Peering Types	0h 51m
88	Establishing BGP Peerings, EBGP Multihop, BGP Neighbor Disable Connected Check, BGP TTL Security	0h 49m
89	BGP 4-Byte ASNs	0h 20m
90	BGP Local AS, BGP Peer Groups	0h 30m
91	BGP Next-Hop Self, BGP Next-Hop Processing	0h 30m
92	BGP Route Reflectors	0h 37m
93	Large Scale BGP Route Reflectors with Clusters	0h 34m
94	BGP Confederation	0h 37m
95	BGP NLRI Advertisements, BGP Network Statement, BGP Redistribution	0h 43m
96	BGP Aggregation, BGP Aggregation & Summary-Only, BGP Aggregation & Unsuppress-Map	0h 46m
97	BGP Origin, BGP Aggregation & AS-Set, BGP Aggregation & Advertise-Map	0h 22m
98	BGP Conditional Route Injection	0h 21m
99	BGP Bestpath Selection, BGP Multipath, BGP Weight	0h 53m
100	BGP Local Preference, BGP Local Preference and Communities, BGP AS-Path Prepending,	0h 30m
101	BGP MED, BGP MED Missing As Worst, BGP Deterministic MED	0h 17m
102	BGP Communites, BGP Regular Expressions	0h 43m
103	BGP Filtering, BGP Convergence Timers, BGP Default Routing, Miscellaneous BGP Features	0h 24m
104	MPLS Overview, MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)	1h 05m
105	MPLS Tunnels, MPLS Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)	0h 40m
106	MPLS Layer 3 VPNs Overview, VRF Lite	0h 36m
107	MPLS Layer 3 VPNs and VPNv4 BGP	1h 08m
108	MPLS Layer 3 VPN Verification & Troubleshooting	0h 49m
109	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Overview	0h 06m
110	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Path Selection & Sham-Links	2h 01m
111	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Loop Prevention & Down-Bit, OSPF Capability VRF-Lite	0h 40m
112	IPv6 Overview, IPv6 ICMPv6 ND, IPv6 over NBMA	0h 44m
113	IPv6 Routing Overview, IPv6 Static Routing	0h 28m
114	IPv6 RIPng	0h 20m
115	IPv6 EIGRPv6	0h 09m
116	IPv6 OSPFv3	0h 31m
117	MP-BGP for IPv6	0h 26m
118	IPv6 Tunneling	1h 13m
119	Multicast Overview, IGMP	0h 34m
120	PIM Overview	0h 18m
121	PIM Dense Mode	1h 03m
122	PIM Sparse Mode	0h 30m
123	PIM Sparse Mode Configuration	0h 36m
124	PIM Sparse Mode RPF & RP Troubleshooting	0h 27m
125	Auto-RP, Multicast over GRE Tunnels	0h 53m
126	Bootstrap Router (BSR), Bidirectional PIM, Source Specific Multicast (SSM)	0h 40m
127	MSDP, Anycast RP	0h 27m
128	IPv6 Multicast Routing	0h 24m
129	QoS Overview, IntServ QoS, DiffServ QoS, IP Precedence, DSCP, MQC, HQF	0h 41m
130	MQC Classification	0h 44m
131	FIFO, FQ, WFQ, CBWFQ, HQF	0h 50m
132	LLQ	0h 23m
133	WRED	0h 31m
134	Traffic Shaping, Traffic Policing	0h 40m
135	Frame Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS)	0h 33m
136	RSVP	0h 07m
137	Catalyst 3560 QoS	1h 00m
138	IOS Security Overview, Access Lists (ACLs)	0h 58m
139	Time Based ACLs, Dynamic ACLs	0h 33m
140	Reflexive ACLs	0h 21m
141	TCP Intercept, Content Based Access Control (CBAC)	0h 34m
142	Zone Based Policy Firewall (ZBPF)	1h 09m
143	AAA, Local Authentication, Local Authorization, Role Based CLI Access	0h 43m
144	Port Security, Static CAM Entries, Storm Control, 802.1X Authentication, PACLs, RACLs, VLAN Access Maps (VACLs)	0h 48m
145	DHCP Snooping, Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI), IP Source Guard	0h 12m
146	Protected Ports, Private VLANs	0h 25m
147	IP Services Overview, HSRP	1h 10m
148	VRRP, GLBP	0h 28m
149	NAT	0h 42m
150	DHCP, DNS	0h 30m
151	NetFlow	0h 09m
152	WCCP, Miscellaneous IP Services	0h 06m
153	System Management Overview, NTP, NTP Authentication	0h 24m
154	SNMP, RMON	0h 38m
155	Syslog, Telnet, SSH, Banners	0h 21m
156	EEM Scripting, Miscellaneous System Management	0h 26m
Total Duration		81h 42m

Slides - Diagrams

Slides - Introduction

Slides - Ethernet Switching

Slides - Advanced Ethernet Switching

Slides - Frame Relay

Slides - PPP

Slides - Transport Bridging

Slides - Redistribution

Slides - IOS Security

Slides - Layer 2 Security

Slides - IP Services

Slides - System Management

0:00:13	Our last topic here for multicast is IPv6 multicast routing
0:00:19	which we'll see is fairly similar to IPv4 multicast routing
0:00:23	with the exception of the changes in the Layer 3 addressing.
0:00:28	So in the case of IPv4 multicast we were using protocol independent
0:00:32	multicast for the router to router communication
0:00:35	same is going to be true with IPv6 multicast.
0:00:39	At IPv4 we were using IGMP from the host to the
0:00:42	router signaling for the host to tell the router what particular
0:00:46	group addresses it wants to receive.
0:00:48	In the case of IPv6 this is the multicast listener discovery
0:00:52	or MLD protocol stack that is part of the ICMPv6
0:00:58	protocol of IPv6
0:01:01	so it's actually natively built into ICMP.
0:01:05	Now again, just like the other IPv6 topics that we talked about
0:01:09	the big hurdle to get over with this is the format of the
0:01:12	addressing. Now if you actually look at the RFC specification
0:01:16	for IPv6 multicast, it uses a fairly complex design of how
0:01:22	the address is supposed to be allocated where it's going to
0:01:26	start with the first two digits as FF
0:01:31	so in binary it's eight 1s
0:01:36	followed by flags and then the scope value.
0:01:39	So this means essentially there's a 112 bits left over for the multicast
0:01:43	groups. Now the scope is going to be like whether we're talking
0:01:48	about link local scope or site local scope or global scope
0:01:52	where the previous addresses that we looked at things like
0:01:55	the OSPF multicast, FF02::5 or ::6
0:02:01	RIP using FF02::9, EIGRP using A
0:02:06	these are considered the link local scope which means
0:02:09	that they're not supposed to be routed between interfaces.
0:02:14	For things that are considered site local would be the DHCP servers
0:02:18	or the DHCP relays or basically all router within the entire site
0:02:23	this would be a scope of five.
0:02:26	But the key with the scope values they're technically
0:02:30	not enforced automatically in the IOS.
0:02:37	So we do have the different definitions where the scope of
0:02:40	one is going to be the node like FF01::1 is the local node.
0:02:47	Two is the link, five is the site, E is global
0:02:50	so for an actual globally routable IPv6 multicast address
0:02:55	usually it's going to be FF0E
0:03:00	Then we have the flags that are whether this is coming from
0:03:05	an embedded rendezvous point address
0:03:09	that is used in the case where we're not doing the rendezvous point
0:03:11	address assignment automatically through BSR or we're doing it
0:03:16	in a static assignment, the actual sender can encode inside the
0:03:21	IPv6 multicast address who the rendezvous
0:03:24	point is supposed to be and this is known as the embedded RP.
0:03:30	For the T bit it says if T is 1 it's a temporary.
0:03:35	Most of the time this is going to be a zero, but again
0:03:37	these flags and scope it technically -- it could be whatever you want
0:03:43	unless it's actually a globally routable address on the internet.
0:03:46	So for some application that's going to be given an address
0:03:50	by IENA, then they're going to decide what the flags are
0:03:53	and what the scope is supposed to be
0:03:54	but for our purposes just for within the network it's not
0:03:58	really going to matter what the flags and the scope are.
0:04:00	So if we were to use E as the global scope
0:04:04	we could say FF0E and theoretically that should be able
0:04:09	to be routed between any of the sites.
0:04:12	Now PIM for IPv6 is similar to PIM version 2 for IPv4
0:04:20	main difference is that it does not support dense mode.
0:04:24	So IPv6 multicast uses sparse mode only.
0:04:28	Configuration wise, technically it's only one command in order to
0:04:31	enable the process.
0:04:33	If we say ipv6 multicast-routing globally
0:04:37	and this is automatically going to enable multicast listener discovery
0:04:40	on all of the attached interfaces.
0:04:45	Now previously when we looked at IPv4 PIM
0:04:49	one of the design issues is that if there is a disconnect
0:04:52	between your IGP interfaces and your PIM interfaces
0:04:57	generally that's when you run into the RPF failure.
0:05:01	So in IPv6 multicast routing, they're trying to prevent this
0:05:04	by saying as soon as you turn multicast routing on
0:05:07	it's essentially going to be on every single interface
0:05:10	that you're already routing IPv6
0:05:14	The only thing you would need to do at the link level is
0:05:16	disable PIM if you did not want to run it on that particular interface.
0:05:21	But then just like in normal IP multicast routing,
0:05:24	you do have the potential of dropping traffic based on the
0:05:26	reverse path forwarding if you have a difference in your
0:05:30	IGP enabled interfaces versus your PIM enabled interfaces.
0:05:35	So just like in IPv4 we have PIM as the router to router signaling.
0:05:40	For the end host to router signaling, we're replacing
0:05:44	IGMP with the multicast listener discovery
0:05:47	which is now part of ICMPv6
0:05:51	Again, once IPv6 multicast routing is enabled globally
0:05:56	MLD is automatically going to be on all interfaces
0:05:59	where PIM is running.
0:06:02	So as long as we say IPv6 multicast routing, we could look at
0:06:05	the show ipv6 mld interfaces it's going to show us that
0:06:08	for all the local links we are running the protocol.
0:06:13	Now just like IGMP version 2 and IGMP version 3
0:06:16	there's two different versions of MLD.
0:06:19	One of them supports only *,g joins where MLD version 2
0:06:26	this supports s,g joins.
0:06:29	So the same logic of the registration process
0:06:33	of the join from the receiver up to the RP
0:06:36	then the RP back to the sender. It's going to be the same
0:06:39	between IP version 4 PIM and IP version 6 PIM.
0:06:43	The only main difference is that there's sparse mode only
0:06:46	there is no dense mode.
0:06:51	There's a question here, "Can NTP be multicast in IPv6?"
0:06:54	I'm not a 100 percent sure if they have implemented that yet
0:06:58	but I know there is a specification for it. If you look under the
0:07:03	the configuration guide for IPv6
0:07:07	that's where the multicast would be located
0:07:09	so let's go to the main configuration guide
0:07:14	then IPv6 configuration.
0:07:18	Let's look at NTP and also multicast.
0:07:24	So let's see in NTP actually you can.
0:07:42	It says that for NTP version 4 for IPv6, multicast messages
0:07:46	instead of broadcast messages are used to send and receive the
0:07:49	the clock updates.
0:07:52	So basically the idea behind this is pretty much every
0:07:54	device in the network should be running NTP anyways
0:07:57	so there's no reason that the NTP server needs to be
0:08:00	sending tons of unicast messages down to the
0:08:03	nodes in the network.
0:08:04	So for IPv4 you can configure the router as an NTP multicast client
0:08:11	and then likewise in IPv6 now it supports it as well.
0:08:15	For the rest of the multicast configurations if you look at
0:08:19	the examples here, there's really not much that you can do
0:08:21	with the protocol.
0:08:23	So if you look at configuring PIM, basically look at
0:08:27	the configuration task list here. It's says that
0:08:41	let's see this says configuring PIM
0:08:48	it says go to enable mode go to global config
0:08:53	IPv6 PIM, specify the rendezvous point address
0:08:56	ok, it also supports bidirectional PIM
0:09:01	basically that's the only command here so the rest of them are show
0:09:04	commands. The only thing else you would do is just configure the rendezvous point globally.
0:09:08	It does also support BSR same type of logic as IPv4
0:09:14	multicast where you have the bootstrap router that is in charge
0:09:17	of the mappings between the rendezvous points and the groups.
0:09:21	And then the RP candidates that are going to be the actual
0:09:24	devices that are the rendezvous points, so if you look at the examples
0:09:28	for this let's say
0:09:34	configuring PIM
0:09:36	there should be an example of BSR here let's try down
0:09:44	configuration examples
0:09:50	then from here search for BSR.
0:10:06	So somewhere in this document, it does show the syntax examples
0:10:10	but if we were to look at this on the command line
0:10:12	basically the only thing that you need to do and what I have
0:10:16	right now in the topology is from Switch 1
0:10:22	transiting this way down to Switch 2
0:10:25	IPv6 is enabled on all of these transit interfaces.
0:10:28	So between Router 6 and Switch 1, I have 2001:67::/64
0:10:37	this link is 2001:146::/64
0:10:42	this is 2001:45
0:10:48	and this is 2001:58
0:10:56	then of course since PIM does not exchange its own
0:10:58	topology information, it's assuming we have some
0:11:01	underlying IGP
0:11:03	which in this case I simply have RIPNG enabled on all of the interfaces.
0:11:07	So if we were to go to Switch 1
0:11:11	and look at the show ipv6 route
0:11:16	we have routing information that is going to take us all the way
0:11:18	down to 2001:58::8 which is Switch 2
0:11:25	If we were to trace this path, this should be going from us
0:11:28	to Router 6 to Router 4 to Router 5 and then down to Switch 2
0:11:39	So next on the routers in the transit path which are
0:11:42	6, 4 and 5
0:11:46	once multicast routing is enabled for unicast
0:11:49	the only other thing we would need to do is say ipv6 multicast
0:11:54	ipv6 multicast-routing
0:12:00	so we'll do this on 5
0:12:03	and 4
0:12:13	if we now look at the show ipv6 pim neighbors
0:12:19	it says we have an adjacency with some link local address
0:12:24	over serial 0/1/0
0:12:27	which is going to be Router 4
0:12:32	then Router 4 should have an adjacency with 5 and 6
0:12:35	show ipv6 pim neighbors
0:12:39	so just like the IGPs, it is using the link local addresses on the
0:12:44	interfaces, so you don't necessarily need global
0:12:47	unicast configured on the transit network between the
0:12:50	routers. Really the only requirement of global unicast
0:12:54	is what the end hosts are going to be assigned.
0:12:58	Now since we are running in sparse mode, it implies that
0:13:02	we're going to be assigning the rendezvous point
0:13:06	so we can do this either by statically configuring
0:13:09	with the IPv6 PIM RP address
0:13:12	or we could use bootstrap router.
0:13:16	So again, just like IPv4 we have the candidate RPs and we have
0:13:19	the BSR.
0:13:23	Now in this particular case I have Router 4
0:13:25	with a loopback address that is 2001::4/128
0:13:34	so assuming that we can reach this from IGP everywhere
0:13:37	if we were to go to Router 6
0:13:40	and ping 2001
0:13:43	2001::4
0:13:45	we have reachability to that address.
0:13:48	So now on everyone I'm going to simply say ipv6 pim rp address is 2001::4
0:13:56	so both Router 4 and Router 5
0:14:00	are going to agree on this.
0:14:18	The verification for this is a little bit different than IPv4
0:14:22	instead of saying show ipv6 pim rp mappings
0:14:29	so this would be for the IPv4 syntax
0:14:34	we say show ipv6 pim range list
0:14:43	where we can see that there are some static source
0:14:46	specific multicast groups
0:14:49	that these are automatically assigned
0:14:53	here we have a static sparse mode rendezvous point that is 2001::4
0:14:58	which is for the rest of the multicast range which
0:15:02	is FF00::8
0:15:06	so basically anything that starts with FF is going to be multicast
0:15:09	now Router 4 is assigned as the rendezvous point for that.
0:15:14	If we were to go to any of the LAN interfaces let's say
0:15:17	on Router 5's Fast Ethernet 0/0
0:15:21	and we'll configure essentially any address of multicast
0:15:26	we could say ipv6 mld so again, this is replacing
0:15:31	IGMP ipv6 mld
0:15:33	I want to join a group we'll say FF0E because again
0:15:40	E is going to be the global scope, but it could technically
0:15:43	be anything here, so FF0E::1
0:15:48	if we now show ipv6 mld interfaces
0:15:56	we can see MLD is enabled
0:15:59	we have the timers for the query interval, the query
0:16:02	timeout, the max response time same type of logic as
0:16:05	IGMP version 2 and IGMP version 3
0:16:09	If we look at the show ipv6 mld groups
0:16:14	those are going to be the actual memberships
0:16:17	so in this interface there's actually two groups that are
0:16:19	assigned FF0D::1 FF0E::1
0:16:25	so those are simply two static join groups that are configured.
0:16:30	Now if we were to sent traffic to this let's say from
0:16:35	Switch 1
0:16:37	Switch 1 is going to ping 2000 -- or not 2000
0:16:41	ff0d::1
0:16:45	this is going to go out VLAN 67
0:16:52	and we get a response in from Router 5
0:16:55	so now in the transit path if we were to go to Router 4
0:16:59	who is the rendezvous point look at the show ipv6 mroute
0:17:06	it's the same type of logic.
0:17:08	It says that we have this particular source
0:17:11	sending to this particular group, the RPF neighbor is
0:17:14	that link local neighbor on Fast Ethernet 0/1
0:17:18	This is a sparse mode group and right now we're -- we are on the
0:17:21	shortest path tree.
0:17:23	So packets are coming in Fast Ethernet 0/1
0:17:26	we're forwarding the amount serial 0/1/0
0:17:30	So again, just like the other IPv6 protocols, if you're
0:17:34	familiar with the IP version 4 counterparts
0:17:37	then there's really not that much of a jump to get to IPv6 multicast.
0:17:42	Now there is one exception to this which is the feature known as embedded RP.
0:17:46	Basically the issue with this is that it uses a very complicated
0:17:50	conversion of a rendezvous point's address that is encoded inside
0:17:55	of the actual multicast address.
0:17:59	So for the BSR you can see from the commands here it's pretty
0:18:02	straightforward. We just specify who is the candidate RP
0:18:05	who's the candidate BSR.
0:18:09	The BSR normally is going to dynamically learn the rendezvous points
0:18:13	based on the unicast pim messages
0:18:15	if we wanted to override that for some reason, we could.
0:18:18	We can also specify what are the different ranges of groups
0:18:22	that the rendezvous points are going to service
0:18:28	and again, the embedded RP is going to allow the rendezvous point's
0:18:32	address to be encoded in the group itself.
0:18:36	So the advantage of this is that we do not need a static RP assigned
0:18:39	and we don't need BSR.
0:18:42	So the original logic for this is based on inter-AS multicast
0:18:47	that based on whoever the sender is using
0:18:52	as the rendezvous point in the group address
0:18:54	that's where the packet is going to be registered to.
0:19:00	Now the one caveat about this is that the rendezvous point
0:19:03	needs to know that itself is the RP
0:19:05	just like an IP version 4 multicast.
0:19:08	This would be configured statically on the device that is the embedded RP.
0:19:13	Now the problem is when we look at the conversion format
0:19:16	it uses this complex encoding
0:19:19	where it's FF7 followed by the scope. 0 then i is the 4 bit
0:19:27	RP's interface identifier.
0:19:29	So if the RP was 2001::4
0:19:36	then if we look at 4 in binary
0:19:40	that would be 0100
0:19:44	so in hex it's also 4
0:19:47	so this would be if we were to say it was global scope
0:19:50	which is D it would be FF7D04
0:19:54	then the 8 bit RP prefix length
0:19:58	where the prefix length is generally going to be /64
0:20:03	so then this would be 64 encoded in hex
0:20:07	so 64
0:20:13	64 in hex is going to be 40
0:20:17	followed by the prefix of the rendezvous point so that would be
0:20:19	their actual network, then the 32 bit group ID this is going to
0:20:23	be whatever we want for the actual multicast group.
0:20:25	So when we look at an example of a conversion for this
0:20:29	if the rendezvous point's address is 2001:1234:5678:ABCD::1
0:20:36	E is global scope -- I think I said D before it should be E for
0:20:40	global scope. The RP's interface identifier is one because that's what's
0:20:45	after ::1
0:20:48	/64 in hex is or /64 in decimal is 40 in hex
0:20:54	then we have the actual prefix which is 2001
0:20:57	1234:5678:ABCD
0:21:01	so then it finally ends up in that result FF7E:0140:2001
0:21:07	1234:5678:ABCD::1
0:21:13	Now the only issue with this is that I don't believe there's a
0:21:15	reference for this in the documentation
0:21:18	you would have to just search Cisco's website for
0:21:20	embedded RP for the document that talks about the conversion.
0:21:23	So I doubt that they're going to test on this in the exam
0:21:26	unless they already give you what the conversion is.
0:21:30	So it's not really fair for them to make you memorize
0:21:32	all these different hex conversions.
0:21:39	So essentially to test this out the only thing you would need to do
0:21:42	is just assign like a loopback that is 2001:1234:5678:ABCD::1
0:21:52	then send traffic to that particular group address
0:21:55	and the rendezvous point should automatically receive the registration.
0:22:00	Then of course when a client wants to actually receive it,
0:22:02	they would still need to send the MLD port message
0:22:06	saying I want to receive traffic for this particular group.
0:22:10	So generally if you spend some time just reading through
0:22:13	the basics of this document
0:22:16	which is the section here information about implementing
0:22:18	IPv6 multicast
0:22:21	the vast majority of the theory is pretty much the
0:22:25	same as the IPv6 counterparts.
0:22:28	Another feature just like an IPv4 we also have static
0:22:32	multicast routing. This would be used if we wanted to
0:22:35	override the reverse path forwarding check
0:22:37	for a particular source.
0:22:40	The difference in the syntax though is we're not saying
0:22:42	ipv6 mroute
0:22:44	we're doing a normal ipv6 route
0:22:46	but then adding the keyword multicast at the end.
0:22:51	So just like an IP version 4 this is used to change the
0:22:54	reverse path forwarding
0:22:57	which then in turn means it's going to change the
0:22:59	interface which the tree is going to be built out.
0:23:04	So if I have a unicast route out Fast Ethernet 0/0
0:23:08	but I want to build the tree out serial 0/0
0:23:12	I could point my multicast route out the serial link
0:23:14	and it means that's where I'm going to send my PIM join messages.

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CCIE R&S Advanced Technologies Class v4.5
Title:	CCIE R&S Advanced Technologies Class v4.5
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The CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class is the first step in understanding CCIE level technologies and is a companion to the Advanced Technologies Lab Workbook. Each technology you need to know for the CCIE Routing & Switching lab will be described in detail using an instructor led hands on demonstration. The class consists of over 80 hours of in depth explanations and examples.
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