CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class

Transcript

1	Introduction	0h 43m
2	Using the Cisco Documentation	0h 52m
3	Ethernet Overview, Layer 2 Switchports, Trunking, ISL, 802.1q, DTP	0h 47m
4	VTP, VTP Authentication, VTP Pruning	1h 02m
5	VTP Prune Eligible List, VTP Transparent, VTP Troubleshooting, Trunk Allowed List, Extended VLANs	0h 48m
6	VLAN and VTP Review	0h 19m
7	SVIs, Native Routed Interfaces, Router-on-a-Stick	0h 46m
8	Layer 2 EtherChannel, EtherChannel Load Balancing, Layer 3 EtherChannel	0h 57m
9	802.1q Tunneling, Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling, EtherChannel over 802.1q Tunneling	1h 03m
10	STP Root Bridge Election, STP Root Port Election, STP Designated Port Election, STP Priority, STP Cost, STP Port-Priority	1h 46m
11	STP Review	0h 12m
12	STP Timers, STP PortFast	0h 34m
13	STP UplinkFast	0h 11m
14	STP BackboneFast	0h 12m
15	STP BPDU Filter	0h 13m
16	STP BPDU Guard	0h 11m
17	STP Root Guard	0h 11m
18	STP Loop Guard, Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD)	0h 11m
19	Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol (MST)	0h 40m
20	Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol (RSTP), Rapid-PVST	0h 18m
21	MST with Multiple Regions	0h 33m
22	Flex Links	0h 16m
23	Frame Relay	0h 39m
24	Frame Relay Configuration Part 1	0h 34m
25	Frame Relay Configuration Part 2	0h 41m
26	Frame Relay Switching	0h 27m
27	Back-to-Back Frame Relay	0h 08m
28	Frame-Relay End-to-End Keepalives	0h 18m
29	PPP, PPP PAP Authentication, PPP CHAP Authentication	0h 59m
30	PPPoFR, PPPoE	0h 40m
31	Transparent Bridging, IRB	0h 32m
32	Fallback Bridging	0h 14m
33	IP Routing Overview, Switching Paths, Static Routing	0h 42m
34	Static Routing Examples	0h 25m
35	IP Default-Gateway, IP Default-Network	0h 14m
36	On-Demand Routing (ODR)	0h 07m
37	Floating Static Routes	0h 10m
38	Backup Interface	0h 29m
39	Enhanced Object Tracking, IP SLA, Reliable Static Routing	0h 21m
40	Policy Routing	0h 43m
41	GRE Tunneling, GRE Recursive Routing Errors	0h 27m
42	Reliable Backup Interface with GRE	0h 25m
43	RIP Overview, RIP Versions, RIP Auto-Summary	0h 48m
44	RIP Split-Horizon, RIP Timers	0h 22m
45	RIP Broadcast Updates, IP Directed Broadcast, IP Broadcast-Address, Smurf Attacks, Fraggle Attacks	0h 16m
46	RIP Unicast Updates	0h 03m
47	RIP Offset-List	0h 18m
48	RIP Authentication	0h 11m
49	RIP Summarization	0h 10m
50	Prefix-Lists, RIP Distribute-List Filtering, RIP Administrative Distance Filtering	0h 48m
51	RIP Default Routing, RIP Conditional Default Routing	0h 18m
52	RIP Triggered, RIP Validate Update Source,	0h 12m
53	EIGRP Overview	0h 29m
54	EIGRP Auto-Summary	0h 07m
55	EIGRP Split-Horizon	0h 11m
56	EIGRP Update Types, EIGRP Neighbor, EIGRP Passive-Interface	0h 24m
57	EIGRP Hello-Interval, EIGRP Hold-Time	0h 05m
58	EIGRP Authentication	0h 11m
59	EIGRP Time Based Authentication	0h 25m
60	EIGRP Path Selection, EIGRP Metric Weights, EIGRP Traffic Engineering	0h 47m
61	EIGRP Unequal Cost Load Balancing, EIGRP Variance	0h 19m
62	EIGRP QUERY, EIGRP Summarization, EIGRP Leak-Map	0h 28m
63	EIGRP Stub Router Advertisement	0h 22m
64	EIGRP Default Routing	0h 13m
65	EIGRP Route Filtering	0h 11m
66	EIGRP Router-ID	0h 07m
67	Miscellaneous EIGRP Features	0h 02m
68	OSPF Overview	0h 27m
69	Establishing OSPF Adjacencies, Understanding the OSPF Database	0h 43m
70	OSPF Network Type Broadcast, OSPF DR/BDR Election, OSPF over NBMA, OSPF Network Type Non-Broadcast and Point-to-Multipoint	0h 56m
71	OSPF Network Type Point-to-Point, OSPF Network Type Mismatch	0h 13m
72	OSPF Network Type Point-to-Multipoint Non-Broadcast, OSPF Per Neighbor Cost	0h 17m
73	OSPF Network Type Loopback	0h 02m
74	OSPF Path Selection	0h 27m
75	OSPF Convergence Timers	0h 09m
76	OSPF Authentication	0h 12m
77	OSPF Summarization	0h 32m
78	OSPF Stub Areas, OSPF Totally Stubby Areas, OSPF NSSAs, OSPF Totally NSSAs	0h 40m
79	Controlling OSPF NSSA Redistribution	0h 02m
80	OSPF Type 7 to 5 Translator Election, OSPF LSA Type 3 Filter, OSPF Forwarding Address Suppression	0h 24m
81	Route Redistribution Overview	0h 36m
82	Route Redistribution Configuration & Verification, Connected Redistribution	0h 22m
83	OSPF External Path Selection, TCL PING Scripting	0h 33m
84	Routing Loops Overview, EIGRP Route Loop Prevention	0h 55m
85	Metric Based Routing Loops, Route Tagging	0h 46m
86	Administrative Distance Based Routing Loops, Debug IP Routing, IP Route Profile	0h 58m
87	BGP Overview, BGP Peering Types	0h 51m
88	Establishing BGP Peerings, EBGP Multihop, BGP Neighbor Disable Connected Check, BGP TTL Security	0h 49m
89	BGP 4-Byte ASNs	0h 20m
90	BGP Local AS, BGP Peer Groups	0h 30m
91	BGP Next-Hop Self, BGP Next-Hop Processing	0h 30m
92	BGP Route Reflectors	0h 37m
93	Large Scale BGP Route Reflectors with Clusters	0h 34m
94	BGP Confederation	0h 37m
95	BGP NLRI Advertisements, BGP Network Statement, BGP Redistribution	0h 43m
96	BGP Aggregation, BGP Aggregation & Summary-Only, BGP Aggregation & Unsuppress-Map	0h 46m
97	BGP Origin, BGP Aggregation & AS-Set, BGP Aggregation & Advertise-Map	0h 22m
98	BGP Conditional Route Injection	0h 21m
99	BGP Bestpath Selection, BGP Multipath, BGP Weight	0h 53m
100	BGP Local Preference, BGP Local Preference and Communities, BGP AS-Path Prepending,	0h 30m
101	BGP MED, BGP MED Missing As Worst, BGP Deterministic MED	0h 34m
102	BGP Communites, BGP Regular Expressions	0h 43m
103	BGP Filtering, BGP Convergence Timers, BGP Default Routing, Miscellaneous BGP Features	0h 24m
104	MPLS Overview, MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)	1h 05m
105	MPLS Tunnels, MPLS Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)	0h 40m
106	MPLS Layer 3 VPNs Overview, VRF Lite	0h 36m
107	MPLS Layer 3 VPNs and VPNv4 BGP	1h 08m
108	MPLS Layer 3 VPN Verification & Troubleshooting	0h 49m
109	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Overview	0h 06m
110	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Path Selection & Sham-Links	2h 01m
111	MPLS Layer 3 VPN OSPF PE-CE Routing Loop Prevention & Down-Bit, OSPF Capability VRF-Lite	0h 40m
112	IPv6 Overview, IPv6 ICMPv6 ND, IPv6 over NBMA	0h 44m
113	IPv6 Routing Overview, IPv6 Static Routing	0h 28m
114	IPv6 RIPng	0h 20m
115	IPv6 EIGRPv6	0h 09m
116	IPv6 OSPFv3	0h 31m
117	MP-BGP for IPv6	0h 26m
118	IPv6 Tunneling	1h 13m
119	Multicast Overview, IGMP	0h 34m
120	PIM Overview	0h 18m
121	PIM Dense Mode	1h 03m
122	PIM Sparse Mode	0h 30m
123	PIM Sparse Mode Configuration	0h 36m
124	PIM Sparse Mode RPF & RP Troubleshooting	0h 27m
125	Auto-RP, Multicast over GRE Tunnels	0h 53m
126	Bootstrap Router (BSR), Bidirectional PIM, Source Specific Multicast (SSM)	0h 40m
127	MSDP, Anycast RP	0h 27m
128	IPv6 Multicast Routing	0h 24m
129	QoS Overview, IntServ QoS, DiffServ QoS, IP Precedence, DSCP, MQC, HQF	0h 41m
130	MQC Classification	0h 44m
131	FIFO, FQ, WFQ, CBWFQ, HQF	0h 50m
132	LLQ	0h 23m
133	WRED	0h 31m
134	Traffic Shaping, Traffic Policing	0h 40m
135	Frame Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS)	0h 33m
136	RSVP	0h 07m
137	Catalyst 3560 QoS	1h 00m
138	IOS Security Overview, Access Lists (ACLs)	0h 58m
139	Time Based ACLs, Dynamic ACLs	0h 33m
140	Reflexive ACLs	0h 21m
141	TCP Intercept, Content Based Access Control (CBAC)	0h 34m
142	Zone Based Policy Firewall (ZBPF)	1h 09m
143	AAA, Local Authentication, Local Authorization, Role Based CLI Access	0h 43m
144	Port Security, Static CAM Entries, Storm Control, 802.1X Authentication, PACLs, RACLs, VLAN Access Maps (VACLs)	0h 48m
145	DHCP Snooping, Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI), IP Source Guard	0h 12m
146	Protected Ports, Private VLANs	0h 25m
147	IP Services Overview, HSRP	1h 10m
148	VRRP, GLBP	0h 28m
149	NAT	0h 42m
150	DHCP, DNS	0h 30m
151	NetFlow	0h 09m
152	WCCP, Miscellaneous IP Services	0h 06m
153	System Management Overview, NTP, NTP Authentication	0h 24m
154	SNMP, RMON	0h 38m
155	Syslog, Telnet, SSH, Banners	0h 21m
156	EEM Scripting, Miscellaneous System Management	0h 26m
Total Duration		81h 59m

Slides - Diagrams

Slides - Introduction

Slides - Ethernet Switching

Slides - Advanced Ethernet Switching

Slides - Frame Relay

Slides - PPP

Slides - Transport Bridging

Slides - Redistribution

Slides - IOS Security

Slides - Layer 2 Security

Slides - IP Services

Slides - System Management

0:00:14	So, as we saw in our previous case here with RIP,
0:00:17	by default, we will be running version 1,
0:00:23	even if we enabled the version 2 process,
0:00:25	which means that we're listening for and
0:00:31	we still potentially have that problem
0:00:34	with the VLSM not being supported
0:00:38	So again, the easy solution for this is
0:00:44	with just the No Auto-Summary command.
0:00:50	Now, the next feature we have is Split Horizon,
0:00:54	which since RIP is a distance vector protocol,
0:00:57	it means that by default, when we
0:01:01	we are not gonna send it
0:01:06	In the vast majority of designs,
0:01:11	because if you are advertising a route to me,
0:01:13	I don't wanna advertise the same
0:01:17	We could then potentially end up
0:01:21	When a packet comes to me, I route it to you,
0:01:27	Now, the case where we do not want Split Horizon
0:01:30	would be if we are running RIP
0:01:36	So, for example, between routers...
0:01:40	5 as the hub of the frame-relay network.
0:01:46	And routers 4, 1, 3 and 2 as the spokes.
0:01:55	With Split Horizon on, we could potentially run into
0:02:02	but if Split Horizon is on, 5 is not gonna
0:02:07	Down to routers 1, 3, and 4.
0:02:11	Now, we'll see that by default,
0:02:13	with frame-relay main interfaces,
0:02:17	the Split Horizon process is disabled,
0:02:19	where it would be enabled on all other interfaces.
0:02:24	So this means in this design, if on router 5,
0:02:31	for frame-relay, and we were running RIP on it,
0:02:34	then, we would have a problem with the Split Horizon.
0:02:39	Now, we can verify this quickly,
0:02:42	and let's shutdown the serial 0/1 link.
0:02:46	Which means that router 2's
0:02:50	is only via the interface to router 5 over the frame-relay.
0:02:56	So on router 2, we'll go to...
0:03:00	interface serial 0/1 and simply disable this.
0:03:06	If we look at the result of this in the routing table,
0:03:10	we see that RIP routes are being received in the
0:03:17	So, even the routes that are
0:03:20	like the...
0:03:25	LAN interface of router 3,
0:03:29	and the...
0:03:32	the different loopback interfaces,
0:03:35	we can see that router 1's loopback, router 3,
0:03:39	So, this implies that Split Horizon is disable
0:03:45	So, on router 5, if we look at the
0:03:50	since this is the main interface in frame-relay,
0:03:54	if we look at the Show IP Interface Serial 0/0/0,
0:03:59	we see that Split Horizon is disabled.
0:04:04	Now again, the case where this would be a problem
0:04:08	is if we were to take this configuration,
0:04:14	a multipoint sub-interface as
0:04:18	then, Split Horizon will be enabled.
0:04:21	So, on router 5, let's say,
0:04:26	So, that's gonna remove all of
0:04:30	Next on the main interface,
0:04:36	The rest of the configuration is
0:04:42	So here, we have our IP address.
0:04:46	And we have the frame-relay mappings that
0:05:00	So, the IP address, and then,
0:05:02	Now, if we were to look at the
0:05:10	it says that "For this interface,
0:05:13	Split Horizon is enabled."
0:05:16	which means that an update
0:05:22	that would not be able to
0:05:25	So now, from router 2's perspective,
0:05:29	we should see that...
0:05:32	some of these routes, it depends on
0:05:41	but we may see that some of these are gonna
0:05:50	which means that...
0:05:52	These particular ones.
0:05:56	So, that are 33 seconds old and the
0:06:00	Eventually, these are gonna time out on router 2.
0:06:05	Once it goes and pass the 180-second threshold,
0:06:13	and by default, when they get into 240 seconds,
0:06:21	So, if we look at the result to this,
0:06:25	once we go beyond 3 minutes, it'll say
0:06:30	Which means that we can still
0:06:35	but once it goes beyond the 4-minute mark, then,
0:06:44	So, this problem would be very easy to verify just
0:06:50	If some of the routers are not
0:06:55	router 2 here and look at the Debug IP RIP.
0:07:00	And we should see, what are the updates
0:07:03	and what are the updates that
0:07:09	So, if we look at what we are receiving here...
0:07:15	So the update came in from router 5
0:07:19	This does not include everything in the network.
0:07:22	So, we see a bunch of the loopbacks are
0:07:28	And some of the other segments in the network.
0:07:30	So, it really depends on what interface
0:07:37	So, this means that if router 5 were using...
0:07:45	if router 5 were using this interface here
0:07:50	it would be valid for the update
0:07:56	and the go out the sub-interface to router 2.
0:08:01	So, the key point being here that sometimes,
0:08:06	where it looks like everyone has full reachability,
0:08:08	but based on different failure scenarios,
0:08:13	then, router 2 is not gonna
0:08:19	So again, for RIP, the key is that
0:08:24	for every interface except the main
0:08:28	So now, if we look at the result
0:08:34	we see that most of these networks
0:08:40	If we look at the time stamps
0:08:45	we would see that once they can pass the
0:08:49	it says, "They're going in the whole down,
0:08:51	and then, 60 seconds later, they eventually
0:08:56	So let's look at this, Debug IP RIP.
0:09:04	Then, Show IP Route RIP.
0:09:11	So, some of those are still listed as possibly down.
0:09:20	And actually, I may need to
0:09:24	Because Debug IP RIP is gonna show us
0:09:28	Debug IP Routing is gonna show us the
0:09:34	So now, we're deleting those routes.
0:09:37	This here, this is when they pass the flush timer.
0:09:41	Now, the timer values in RIP are
0:09:50	that much complexity to it,
0:09:53	but the thing is...
0:09:54	the way that this is documented
0:09:59	but the thing to remember is that all of the
0:10:06	Now, the update timer is 30 seconds by default.
0:10:09	So, this means simply, you're sending
0:10:13	Once I receive an update in,
0:10:16	the rest of my timers, which are the invalid,
0:10:22	these all start counting up.
0:10:26	So, from the last time that I received the update,
0:10:28	if I get to 180 seconds,
0:10:33	the route becomes invalid, and it goes into hold down.
0:10:38	Most of the time, the invalid and the
0:10:43	So, you would just set this to be in the same value,
0:10:46	but technically, they have two different purposes,
0:10:49	where the hold down says that "When I
0:10:55	I would only accept it if it had a
0:11:03	So, it means that we wanna make sure the routing information
0:11:07	Where the invalid is the one that says that
0:11:14	Then, the flush timer is 240 seconds by default.
0:11:17	So, once it goes beyond that threshold,
0:11:24	In some of the newer versions, if you configure
0:11:29	it will automatically convert this to the IP RIP
0:11:35	They're essentially going to
0:11:38	The only difference is that with the global command,
0:11:43	where the Interface Level command is obviously
0:11:50	In either case, when you look at the command line,
0:11:53	and we look at the Show IP Protocols,
0:11:57	this is gonna tell us what are the timers
0:12:00	So, the defaults here, we have 30 seconds as the update.
0:12:09	So, this would the imply for RIP
0:12:14	If we wanted to speed up the convergence,
0:12:17	it means that we would have
0:12:21	So, let's say that on everyone,
0:12:25	timer's basic, where the update interval is...
0:12:30	5 seconds.
0:12:32	The invalid is 20...
0:12:35	The hold down is 20, and then, the flush is 30.
0:12:41	So, you technically could set
0:12:43	If you set the hold down to zero,
0:12:45	it means that the route would
0:12:49	but it doesn't make sense that you're invalid or
0:12:55	So, it means they would be removed in the table,
0:13:02	So, technically, these values do not have
0:13:06	because there's no active adjacency that's
0:13:11	but it doesn't really make sense why
0:13:16	So normally, if I change them all in one router,
0:13:19	So, under the RIP process, timer's basic.
0:13:24	So, I'm updating every 5 seconds now.
0:13:31	Then, the result of this, if we look at the
0:13:37	It means that if the table is converged,
0:13:43	Show IP Route RIP.
0:13:47	If the table is converged, we should
0:13:51	have a time index that is less than 5 seconds.
0:13:55	So, this one here, that is 20;
0:13:59	It means that these are in the
0:14:04	So, eventually, the network is
0:14:07	but it's definitely not as fast convergence
0:14:17	So again, if you're confused about this,
0:14:21	is to go to the router and turn
0:14:29	So, let's say Uptime.
0:14:30	And then, also for the debug messages.
0:14:36	So, debug is Uptime and log is Uptime. You could do it
0:14:43	But now, on router 2, if we look at
0:14:50	we should see that every 5 seconds,
0:14:55	and every 5 seconds, we are receiving updates in.
0:14:59	Now, if I were to go to router 5,
0:15:03	and shut the connection down,
0:15:06	we should see on router 2...
0:15:10	when we compare the last time
0:15:15	which in this case is...
0:15:19	58 seconds after.
0:15:20	So, at 58, we received an update from router 5,
0:15:25	which means that at 18
0:15:31	this should be where we go into hold down.
0:15:44	Let's see...
0:15:48	So, about there, the prefix is going into hold down.
0:15:53	So, it's 20 seconds after the last update came in.
0:15:57	Then, another 10 seconds after this, then,
0:16:04	the table, which is this very last one.
0:16:10	You'll see that the timers
0:16:13	Because the RIP implementation is using
0:16:18	which is basically a randomization of a timers...
0:16:21	to make sure that the timer is not sending or receiving
0:16:30	So, this is why the timers are large by default,
0:16:33	because if the update timer is 30 seconds,
0:16:37	then, the RIP Jitter value is not really gonna matter.
0:16:40	But if you're trying to do very fast convergence,
0:16:44	and 3 seconds is your hold down,
0:16:50	Now, additionally,
0:16:52	when we look at these updates,
0:16:56	it says, "We're building an update
0:17:02	Let's see, this actually went out
0:17:05	But if we look at the number of
0:17:08	there's a limit to the size of the
0:17:13	So, if you exceed a certain number of routes,
0:17:15	you have to break it into multiple updates.
0:17:19	So, then, you should be running into is that if
0:17:24	it's feasible that you would not even
0:17:29	before the remote neighbor goes into
0:17:36	So, in a real design, this is probably not gonna be
0:17:41	where the size of the RIP
0:17:44	it means you need to run it with a protocol.
0:17:51	And then, let those do the more efficient
0:18:05	There is a question here, "Under the timer's basic,
0:18:11	Let's take a look at this here,
0:18:15	Timer's Basic.
0:18:20	The interval between updates,
0:18:24	And valid was...
0:18:29	Let's say, 15. Hold down in 15.
0:18:31	Flush is 20.
0:18:35	Then, the sleep time in milliseconds.
0:18:38	Okay, let's take a look at the command
0:18:43	So, from the main documentation page,
0:18:48	we would go to Products, IOS...
0:18:52	Regular IOS...
0:18:55	12.4...
0:18:57	12.4T.
0:19:01	Then, Reference Guides,
0:19:03	and Command Reference.
0:19:07	Then, under Routing Protocols,
0:19:15	So, we can see here in RIP, there's only
0:19:20	Pretty much, this means that the
0:19:23	If we were to compare this to OSPF or BGP,
0:19:26	you see that that's broken down
0:19:30	because there's tons of commands
0:19:34	So, in this case, we have the Timer's Basic.
0:19:37	And what you would want to look
0:19:45	is what is the usage guidelines for the command.
0:19:47	So, it's actually, this one right here.
0:19:50	It says, "To adjust the timers, use Timer Basic."
0:19:54	The update is...
0:19:57	how often updates are sent.
0:20:00	Invalid is the time after which
0:20:03	It should be at least 3 times the update.
0:20:06	A route becomes invalid when there's an
0:20:10	The route then enters the hold down state.
0:20:14	However, the route is still used to forward packets.
0:20:18	The route is marked as "Inaccessible"
0:20:22	So, in this case, once we go into the invalid timer,
0:20:26	then, we start to poison the route.
0:20:29	So, we start advertising it to everyone as
0:20:35	So, technically, you could see, there's a
0:20:41	when the route enters hold down,
0:20:44	and it receives an update with a hop count
0:20:48	The route is marked as "Inaccessible"
0:20:51	However, it's still could be used.
0:20:52	So normally, these are the same thing, but you
0:20:57	Okay, then the flush timer, this one
0:21:06	So, let's try just searching for that.
0:21:09	What I would guess that it would be
0:21:15	So, let's say, RIP Timer's Basic Sleep Timer.
0:21:25	Let's try on Cisco's website.
0:21:37	RIP Sleep Timer.
0:21:45	So, it doesn't even really show.
0:21:47	What you could do with this...
0:21:50	is that if you turn time stamping
0:21:56	you could look at what is the exact time that you're
0:22:03	Then, if you were to set
0:22:07	so, if we said it to be the
0:22:12	So, if we look at this value,
0:22:17	divided by a thousand.
0:22:21	So, that's how many seconds it would be.
0:22:25	So, that would be...
0:22:28	1200 hours? Is the maximum. It looks like.
0:22:32	So, if you set this to something reasonable,
0:22:36	So, like 3000 milliseconds.
0:22:38	You should be able to see based on
0:22:43	But what I would guess is that
0:22:46	where by default is a randomized value.

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CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class
Title:	CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class
Duration:	81h 59m
The CCIE Routing & Switching Advanced Technologies Class is the first step in understanding CCIE level technologies and is a companion to the Advanced Technologies Lab Workbook. Each technology you need to know for the CCIE Routing & Switching lab will be described in detail using an instructor led hands on demonstration. The class consists of over 80 hours of in depth explanations and examples.
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